Feelings of sadness ,isolation ,morbid thoughts are bipolar depression symptoms

Bipolar depression

The distinguishes bipolar disorder, compared to other mood disorders, are present in at least one manic episode. Moreover, it is assumed to be a chronic disease, because most people who have a manic episode have additional episodes in the future. Statistics show that four episodes in ten years, on average, without preventative treatment. Every individual with bipolar depression is a unique pattern of mood cycles, combining depression and manic episodes, which is precisely that the individual, but predictable, when the model is identified. Studies show a strong genetic effect  of bipolar depression.

Some mood changes we should know

• Depressive episodes of bipolar disorder usually longer than episodes of mania.

• When sick or symptomatic, people tend to spend more time in the depressive phase than they are manic or hypomanic phase.

• The recovery from depressive episodes usually last longer than episodes od mania.

• The majority of manic episodes of suicide and suicide attempts among those who have bipolar disorder occurs during the depression, or mixed phase of bipolar depression .

• It can be treated effectively, often in combination with therapy of talking and with some  medicines.

Some signs and symptoms of the depressive phase of bipolar disorder included contineous feelings of sadness, anxiety, guilt, rigidity, isolation, or despair, disturbed sleep and  disturbance  in appetite, fatigue and loss of interest in normally pleasurable activities, difficulty concentrating, loneliness, self-loathing, apathy or indifference, depersonalization, loss of interest in sexual activity, shyness or social anxiety, irritability, chronic pain (with or without known cause), lack of motivation, and morbid thoughts of suicide. In severe cases, the individual may become psychotic, a condition known as severe bipolar depression with psychotic symptoms.

Warning signs of depressive episodes

Decreased energy level  :  Nothing mysterious here, it can as simple as not having as much get-up-and-go that you had last week or last month - consistently. A month ago you still felt pretty good most nights after work to go out to dinner or the movies, now you are out of steam every day at 16:00 Family members, friends or colleagues may feel that you reported earlier today that in the past, or you can choose, for example, chose to study rather than exercising in the evening.

Fatigue :  This is the next step after the power has declined. Depression can cause physical fatigue. the dream becomes non-restorer, so tired, even when you wake up in the morning. You feel tired during the day. You can cheer for their day’s work, but when you get home you feel like it was crushed by a train. Not sure why you’re so tired, whatever. family members or friends to see you yawn, you hear how tired you are, you will notice that your posture is weak and that is stretching during the day. Sigh is heard, and note that the most slow and hesitant.

Lethargy :  It is a major symptom. It is defined as abnormal drowsiness or stupor, torpid, apathetic state. For depression, both of these definitions can be applied. Some depressive episode may be unusually lethargic. Or a man may be what is commonly thought of Sleepy - sits on a chair for hours, does not entirely satisfy, catatonic state, but simply not interested in doing something, you feel physically and mentally heavy. This symptom is that it will interfere with the normal working day, so your loved ones, friends or colleagues to identify the main problems as it should.

Reduced activity :  It could be the result of a decreased energy, fatigue and sleepiness, or can be made independent of these symptoms. In any circumstance, is around, and if the activity begins to decline - for example, if you normally do laundry and just start to leave undone, or if you go to a diet group three times a week and then just stop going.

Insomnia or hypersomnia :  Insomnia means having trouble for good sleeping. It is a most common symptom of depression: awake worrying, unable to get comfortable, feeling tense or just have your mind racing (the sign of a depressive episode mixed). Hypersomnia is just the opposite: too much sleep. People in depressive episodes have been known to sleep more than 20 hours per day. Insomnia may or may not affect your daily routine. Because many factors can cause insomnia, it can go on for awhile or are associated with other symptoms to report to you that it is a symptom of depression. Hypersomnia, on the other hand, stands out immediately and is a signal from an emergency call to your psychiatrist.

Lack of of interest in pleasureable activities :  The name aptly describes this symptom. You usually likes to go bowling, but start turning on each invitation. Mary's an avid gardener, but this spring is not there with his trowel and plant the way it normally is. Rick has season tickets to the Mets, but he stayed at home and when you ask him why he missed the last game, it just pulls and said: I do not want to go. This symptom may be easier for others to spot than the person who goes through.

Social withdrawal   :  This symptom is  very easy to explain, but it can be difficult to notice, depending on the personality of the person is bipolar between episodes or more outgoing than reserved for a party animal or quiet evening alone with a book. Someone who is of course only can become manic or hypomanic episode during social and pull too much during the recession. But because this person is known for something like a lone wolf, no one can understand that this time the withdrawal is more severe than usual. Other changes include activities not listed may also occur in conjunction with depression, but the above are most commonly associated with depressive episodes of manic-depressive.

Some other changes in the functioning of not listed can also occur in conjunction with depression, but the above are most commonly associated with depressive episodes of manic-depressive.......read more

Bipolar depression symptoms

Bipolar depression treatment

Anti depression medication discontinuation syndrome last between one to four weeks

ANTI DEPRESSION MEDICATIONS

Antidepressant psychotropic drugs used to relieve mood disorders like depression and dysthymia and anxiety disorders, such as social anxiety disorder. Drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs), the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are more commonly associated at the end. These drugs are commonly prescribed by psychiatrists and other physicians, and their effectiveness and side effects have been many studies and competing demands. Many drugs produce an antidepressant effect, but the restrictions have caused controversy, and the risk of off-label prescriptions, though the strength of the arguments.

Thymoleptic effectiveness of modern antidepressants have never been conclusively shown to be more active than placebo according to two reviews of the Cochrane Collaboration. Review away, all studies of antidepressants has not been delivered to the FDA, published and unpublished, was excluded by the FDA in 2004. The literature on anti-depressants to 94% success in treating depression. Arrested in the literature, were less than 50% of success. Combined, all studies have shown that 51% of power - only two points better than a placebo. This increases the effectiveness of antidepressants other than the apparent 11% to 69% in the mirtazapine are exceptions placebo.Possible - norepinephrine and serotonin antagonist with effects opposite to that SSRIs and SNRIs - and venlafaxine, SNRI significant similarity between the chemical structure of the derivative of opioids tramadol.

Opioids have been used to treat major depression until the late 1950s. Amphetamines were used until mid 1960. Prescription opioids or amphetamines for depression fall into a legal gray area. Research has rarely been implemented in the therapeutic potential of opiates for depression over the past 60 years, while amphetamine has found a thriving market conditions, which largely dressed Attention Deficit Disorder, narcolepsy, and obesity, and continue to be studied for multiple applications. Both opiates and amphetamines cause a therapeutic response very quickly, results in 24-48 hours, the therapeutic ratio for opiates and amphetamines is greater than the tricyclic antidepressants.

Some of these small, very limited research, the opioid buprenorphine has demonstrated the greatest potential for the treatment of severe depression resistant to treatment with any drug known in a small study, it is generally recognized, and was released in 1995, but never pursued because of the stigma related to opioids, in addition, the Annex mental illness in America.

Most antidepressants have a  late-onset (2-6 weeks) and is usually given a few months to several years. Despite the name, antidepressants often controversial and with a lack of empirical evidence in support of their nomination, off-label to treat other conditions such as anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorders, to chronic pain and certain hormone-induced disorders such as dysmenorrhea. Alone or in combination with anticonvulsants (eg, Tegretol or Depakote), these drugs used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and substance abuse by addressing the underlying depression. In addition, antidepressants have been used sometimes to treat snoring and headaches.

Other drugs that are not usually known as antidepressants,included low doses antipsychotics,   and benzodiazepines, can be used to control depression, although benzodiazepines - and all medications called antidepressants - physical dependence to form. Discontinuation of benzodiazepines (SSRI) treatment abruptly can cause unpleasant withdrawal symptoms. An extract of the herb plant is commonly used as an antidepressant, although labeled as a dietary supplement in some countries. antidepressants term is sometimes applied to any treatment (eg psychotherapy, electro-convulsive therapy, acupuncture) or process (eg, sleep disturbances, increased regular, gentle exercise) found to improve the mood clinical depression.

The number of antidepressants drugs prescribed by the NHS in the UK has almost doubled in a decade, authorities reported in 2010. In addition, the number increased sharply in 2009, when 39.1 million prescriptions were issued € 20,100,000 issued in 1999. In addition, doctors issued more than 3.18 million prescriptions in 2009 than in 2008. Health officials believe the increase is partly due to the recession. diagnosis, however, other reasons are improved, reducing the stigma of mental illness and distress caused by the economic crisis. Moreover, the concern of doctors is that some people with mild symptoms of depression medications are prescribed unnecessarily because of lack of other options, including talking therapies, counseling and cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Another factor that may increase the consumption of antidepressants is that these drugs are now used for other conditions, including social anxiety and PTSD.

If an  antidepressant drug such as SSRI medication is suddenly stopped, it can produce both psychological and physical symptoms, a phenomenon known as SSRI discontinuation syndrome . Once the decision was made to stop anti-depressants is a common practice to wean off slowly reducing the dose for several weeks. Most of the discontinuation syndrome last between one to four weeks. Selection of an antidepressant and dosage suitable for a certain thing and the person is a long and complex process that requires knowledge of a professional. Certain antidepressants can initially make depression worse, can cause anxiety, or it can make a patient aggressive, dysphoric or acutely suicidal. In rare cases, the antidepressant may cause transition from mania or hypomania, depression

Clinical depression symptoms usually strikes in people between 25 and 44 of ages

CLINICAL DEPRESSION SYMPTOMS

Clinical depression is also known as major depression , unipolar depression, and depressive disorders. People with depression feel more sad. They do not take pleasure, that were once enjoyable. Other physical and mental problems are often experienced sleep disturbances, loss of appetite, disorientation, memory problems, and aches and pains. People who suffer from this condition often feel worthless, helpless and hopeless in their ability to work things out. Often welcome sleep and waking experience in their life a nightmare. No matter how hard you try to collect, they feel like they are falling on deaf ears, with no catch.

Clinical depression usually strikes people between 25 and 44 of ages , although it could be  affect a person at any age group. For most people ,episodes of clinical depression can last six to nine months. Sometimes, if clinical depression is not treated, it will take its course and leave by itself. Doctors are not sure why it happens, but it is often attributed to the tendency of the body to correct abnormal situations.

Do you had symptoms of clinical depression ? Of course, most of us  having feeling of sadness , lonelyness or depression at times. And depressed is a normal reaction to loss, life struggles, or injured self-esteem. But when these feelings become overwhelming and the last for long periods, they can prevent you from leading a normal life and activity. That is when it is time to seek medical help. If left untreated, symptoms of clinical depression or severe and may worsen last year. They can cause immense suffering and can lead to suicide. Recognize the symptoms of depression are often the biggest obstacle to diagnosis and treatment of clinical depression or severe. Unfortunately, half the people who have symptoms ever do about it is diagnosed or treated for their disease. Receive no treatment can be fatal. More than one in 10 people against depression commit suicide.

It is  more common in teens to occasionally feel sadness and unhappy. However, when evil takes over two weeks and other symptoms of depression adolescent experiences, then he or she may suffer from depression in teenagers. It is estimated that depression affects one in every 33 children and one in eight adolescents. If you suspect your child has depression should consult a qualified health professional.

There is dramatic success of antidepressants for severe depression has led many researchers question whether the depression has a strong biological basis, rather than psychological. Thus, many wonder if genetics or stress plays an important role in causing depression. Recent research has shown that it plays an important role in depression. Surprisingly, stress has been important for the patient the first two episodes of major depression, but not in subsequent periods. Genetics and temperament, the main role in subsequent periods of depression the patient.

It appears that clinical depression often requires stress to get it, but after a few episodes, the disease develops at their own pace and did not need the effort to keep rolling. This is a familiar pattern seen in many medical conditions. Therefore, the treatment of major depression must take into account the important contribution. stress, genetics and temperament play in this disorder Unfortunately, most current therapies are not well-balanced approach.

Symptoms of Major Depression (MDD)

Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, as indicated by the subject (eg, feels sad or empty) or observation made by others (eg appears tearful). Note: In children and adolescents could be irritable mood . Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all or almost all activities almost all day almost every day (as indicated by the subject or observed by others) significant weight loss or not gain weight (eg a change of more than 5% of body weight in a month) or a decrease or increase in appetite almost every day. Note: In children, do not mean to make expected weight gains today. Insomnia or hypersomnia almost every day psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day (observable by others, not merely subjective feelings of restlessness or being slowed down) fatigue or loss of energy nearly every

There is feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt (which may be delusional)almost every day (not merely self-reproach or guilt about being sickness ), decreased ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, almost every day (or an allocation subjective account or observation by others),some recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of dying), recurrent suicidal ideation not for a specific plan or suicide attempt or a specifically planned for committing suicide .

The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in important areas of social, occupational or other functioning. The symptoms are not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (eg drug abuse, a medication) or general health (eg, hypothyroidism). The symptoms are not better accounted for the loss, ie, after the loss of a loved one, the symptoms persist for more than 2 months or marked functional impairment, morbid preoccupation with worthlessness, suicidal ideation d, psychotic symptoms or psychomotor retardation.

Teenage depression is not just bad moods and melancholy at times.

TEENAGE DEPRESSION

Depression in children and adolescents is a reality. This is one of the most alarming of all investigations come, depression affects more young people - adolescents and teenagers. (1) Here, we examine why and what we can do about it. Twenty years ago depression in children was almost unknown. Now, the increased rate of depression among young people. Again, this supports the fact that most depression is caused by a chemical imbalance, either in adolescents or young adults. What we see changes in society where basic needs for the company, the health goals, responsibility, relationships with others and the meaning is not automatically fulfilled. Children, adolescents and teenagers are subjected to a constant image of how it is supposed to have sound, and being, and said it’s important in life. The meaning is attached to what they have, or similar, instead of what they do, or accomplish.

Whatever our own prosperity, we see that the top is and said we should have it too, regardless of tools or strategies to achieve this. In childhood, youth and teens especially, the pressure to comply with peers can be almost unbearably loud. If children feel different, inadequate or deprived in some way so that depression can result, depending on how they cope.

Depression  in teenage is not just bad moods and melancholy at times. Depression is a serious problem that affects all aspects of teenage life. Untreated depression in adolescents can cause problems at home and school, drug abuse, self-hatred, even irreversible tragedy such as homicidal violence or suicide. Fortunately, teenage depression can be treated, and as a concerned parent, teacher, or friend, there are things you can do to help. You can start learning about the symptoms of depression and expressing concern when one looks at warning signs. Speaking about the problem and offer support can go a long way to get your child on the way back.

There are so many misconceptions about depression in teenage or young people in general. Yes, a teenager is hard, but most adolescents are needed to balance with the anguish of good friendships, success in school or outside activities and a strong sense of self. Random bad moods or acting out is expected, but depression is a different matter. Depression can destroy the heart of a young person, causing immense suffering, despair, or anger. It is the prevalence of depression in adolescence is actually growing, and we’re just more aware of the fact is that depression affects young people more often than most people think. And even though depression is highly treatable, experts say only 20% of depressed teenager will never get help.

Unlike adults, who have the ability to search on their own, teenagers usually  rely on their parents, teachers or other caregivers to recognize their suffering or other illnesses and  try to get them the treatment they need. So if you are young in your life, it is important to know that adolescent depression is how and what to do if you notice warning signs.

Adolescents face a number of pressures, changes of puberty to questions about who and where they fit into the natural transition from child to adult can also bring parental conflict as teens start to assert their independence. With all this drama is not always easy to distinguish between depression and normal changes in mood in adolescents. Making things even more complicated, adolescents with depression are not necessarily appear sad, and always get another. For some depressed teens, symptoms of irritability, aggression and anger are more important.

If you are not sure if the young person in your life is depressed or simply a teenager, think about how long the symptoms have been present, how severe they are, and how many teen acting in his usual. Although some growing pains in their teens is expected to grow the challenges and dramatic, lasting changes in personality, mood or behavior red flags of a deeper problem.

Some differences between  teens and adults depression :

Depressed children may appear very different from depression in adults. The following symptoms of depression are more common in adolescents and adults .

Similar irritable or angry mood - As noted above, irritability and sadness, depressed mood in adolescence is often predominant. Depressed adolescents may be irritable, hostile, easily frustrated or prone to tantrums.

Unexplained aches and pains - depressed adolescents often complain of physical ailments like headaches or stomach aches. If a thorough physical exam does not reveal a medical reason, these pains may indicate depression.
Extreme sensitivity to criticism - depressed teens are plagued by feelings of uselessness, which makes them very sensitive to criticism, rejection and failure. This is a particular problem for the result.
Withdrawal of some but not all people - while adults tend to isolate themselves in depression ,teens normally stop at least a few friendships. However, adolescents with depression socialize less than before, pulling away from their parents, or start hanging out with another group.

Parenting teenagers can be very difficult. Some communication techniques may go a long way towards reducing the stress level of your child. When disciplining your child, replace shame and punishment with positive reinforcement for good behavior. Shame and punishment can make an adolescent feel worthless and inadequate. Allow your teen to make mistakes. Overprotection or make decisions for teens can be perceived as a lack of faith in their abilities. This may make them feel less secure. Give your child a break. Do not expect to do exactly what you say all the time. Do not force your child in a way he wanted to go. Avoid trying to relive his youth through his son;s activities and experiences.

If you suspect your child is depressed, take the time to listen to his problem. Even if you do not think the problem is a real concern, remember that it can feel very real to someone who grows. It is important to keep lines of communication open, even if your child seems to withdraw. Try to avoid telling your child what to do, listen carefully and you can learn more about the problem areas. Instead, if you feel overwhelmed or unable to reach your child, or if you continue to be worried, ask for help from a qualified healthcare professional.

You can sit or work near the light box during light therapy for depression

Light therapy for depression

The light therapy is a way to treat depression , exposure to artificial light. Seasonal disorder  is a type of depression that occurs at a particular time each year, usually in the season of autumn or winter. During light therapy, you sit or work near a device for light therapy called a light box therapy. The box emits a light that simulates natural light outdoors. The light therapy is believed to affect brain chemicals associated with mood, help SAD symptoms. Using a window of light therapy can also help others with depression, sleep disorders and certain other conditions. The light therapy is also known as light therapy or phototherapy.

In 1984, a psychiatrist at the NIMH, Norman Rosenthal, published an article on the use of light therapy in patients with this disorder. Since then, many well-designed studies have confirmed and clarified these results. Researchers continue to investigate the way in which bright light can get out of a depression or reset a sleep cycle. One theory is that brain area near the visual pathway, the suprachiasmatic nucleus responds to light by sending a signal to suppress the secretion of a hormone called melatonin. Studies suggest that the function of serotonin neurons in the brain leads to the suprachiasmatic nucleus value. Initial theories suggested a route from the retina to the suprachiasmatic nucleus. However, recent research has shown that bright light applied to the back of the knee of a person can alter circadian rhythms. (Journal of the sleep-wake cycle).

It is always a good idea to talk with a doctor before light therapy begins . But it is particularly important to consult your doctor if:

You have an illness that makes your skin sensitive to light, such as in condition of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) .

You are taking drugs that enhance your sensitivity to sunlight, such as some specific antibiotics, anti-inflammatory and in some herbal supplement . You have a disorder of the eye that makes your eyes vulnerable to damage . Have a history of skin cancer .

• Ultraviolet light.

Therapy boxes of light , even light are designed to filter out harmful ultraviolet (UV) can some do not filter everything. This type of light can cause skin and eye damage. Look for a box of light therapy that emits UV rays little as possible.

• Tanning beds : No alternative to light therapy.

Some argue that the bed to help relieve the symptoms of depression. But this has not been proven . Visible light, ultraviolet light is not exempt from the sun, in the use of light therapy. Kind of free sun light can damage the skin and can increase the danger of cancer of skin .

• Precautions in bipolar disorder and major depression.

Light therapy can trigger mania in some patients with bipolar disorder. In addition, there have been some cases where treatment with the light seems to cause suicidal thoughts. If you have any doubts about how light therapy can affect your mood or thoughts, seek help immediately.

General recommendation for most people of depression to treatment with light therapy in early autumn. Therapy generally continues until spring, when the external light is not sufficient to maintain a good mood and higher energy. Some people experience a mood disorder in the summer vacation. And others, who are usually the winter depressive symptoms can be detected during prolonged cloudy or rainy during the other seasons. You and your doctor may adjust the light therapy box is based on the timing and duration of symptoms. If you want to try light therapy for seasonal depression or other condition, talk to your doctor about how light therapy can be effective.

In light therapy sessions to work or sit by the window light. To be effective, lightweight, light box to enter your eyes indirectly. You can not get the same effect, only exposes the skin to the sun. Even if your eyes are open, do not look directly at the light box because the light can damage your eyes. Light therapy sessions are usually made in the morning when you wake up. Some of the boxes, light therapy, dawn simulators, however ,they are on top of the morning, while you’re still asleep and gradually lighter until the next morning.

The light therapy is most effective when you have the right combination of duration, timing and brightness:

• Length . When you start light therapy, your doctor may recommend treatment for a shorter block of time such as 15 minutes. You can work up a little bit more. In the end, light therapy is usually active during the period from 30 minutes to two hours, depending on the intensity of a light box.

• Timing . Most light therapy is most effective when done early in the morning when he wakes up. Doing light therapy at night can disrupt sleep. Since light therapy seems to work best early in the morning, you may need to wake up earlier than normal to get the most benefit from treatment. Your doctor can help you find a program that light therapy works best.

• Intensity . The light box intensity  is recorded in lux, which measures the amount of light you get a certain distance from the source of light. light boxes, light therapy generally produces  2500 to 10000 lux . Intensity of light striking the window in what distance  you sit , time duration  you require to use it.The  10 000 lux boxes generally require a  1/2 an hour or 30 minute sessions, while 2500 lux boxes can require  sessions of two hours.

Finding time for light therapy: Light therapy needs time and consistency. You could be tempted to skip sessions, or stop altogether because you do not want to spend time sitting at a light box. But light therapy should not be boring. It may be time well spent. You may adjust your light box on a table or desk in  home or office. You can read, use computers, write, watch TV, talk on the phone or eating while  you are undergoing light therapy. A small light boxes are available as visors, you may wear, although its effectiveness is unproven.


Side effects

Potential adverse effects of light therapy are very rare and usually have tension, a feeling of eyestrain and headaches. Light therapy as antidepressant drugs is sometimes cause someone to switch to a manic state. There was a debate about whether there might have long-term effects of the retina, but none have been documented when lights with proper screening of UV wavelengths used. Individuals and certain medications such as lithium, tricyclic antidepressants and neuroleptics and individuals with diseases such as diabetes or retinal degeneration should be monitored by an ophthalmologist. Since this form of treatment is relatively new, many doctors recommend an eye examination and a basic annual monitoring.

If the person is a danger to themselves or others ,needs inpatient depression treatment

INPATIENT DEPRESSION TREATMENT

A person who enters in inpatient treatment facility for patients in hospital is usually someone who can not provide personal care or are suspected of being a danger to themselves or others. In some situations, the patient may be so depressed that a doctor or someone about to intervene to guide patient care until they can resume making decisions. If the person is a danger to themselves or others they may be exposed to what is called an involuntary commitment when a doctor or even a member of law enforcement authorities decide your loved one needed hospitalization.

Major depression is a type of mood disorder that can makes you sad uncontrollable. You may be depressed if you feel sad at least two weeks. Depression is a mental state (an emotion or feeling) that affects their behavior (conduct). Your mood also affect what you think about yourself and life in general. Major depression is a real medical condition such as diabetes and high blood pressure. The doctors will discuss with you in many ways to treat depression. Medication is often used to treat depression with other therapies. Caregivers will teach you to manage your depression. Caregivers can teach how to better manage the problems and how to deal with stress.

You have the right to help plan treatment. Help with this plan, you must learn their own health and how it can be treated. You can then discuss treatment options with caregivers. Working with them to decide what care may be in treatment. You always have the right to refuse treatment. Depression often get worse if left untreated. Depression can make it difficult to work or get along with others. It may also affect the way you eat and sleep, which can cause disease. You can hurt yourself or others, if not treated. Call the nurse if you are worried or have questions about medications or treatments.

Inpatient depression treatment  program include :

• Full psychiatric assessment .
• Alcohol and chemical dependency evaluation.
• Individual, family and group psychotherapy .
• Occupational therapy.
• Complete psychopharmacological evaluation.
• Programs for specialized  dependent patients with the coexistence of psychiatric and other medical disorders.
• Individualized aftercare and monitoring services with links to community Nutrition assessments .
• Treatment interventions

Depression in this article refers to the mental disorder known as major depressive disorder. This depression is a medical condition recognized and is becoming a common disease in developed countries, which affects up to 20% of the population with this disorder at some point in their lives. Patients are usually assessed and managed in outpatient, inpatient units and one state mental health, if you consider that they pose a danger to themselves or others.

The three most common treatments reported in the psychotherapy of depression, drugs, and (in severe cases), electroconvulsive therapy. Psychotherapy is a treatment of choice for children under 18 years of age, and the drug is available only in combination with the first, and generally not as first-line agent. In addition, the pathology of the parents could be targeted and treated simultaneously.

Psychotherapy

There are a number of several psychotherapies for inpatient depression, which could be provided to individuals or groups. Psychotherapy could be delivered by a number of variety of mental health professionals, in which included psychotherapists, psychiatrists, psychologists, clinical social workers, counselors and psychiatric nurses. And in  more complex forms of chronic depression and the most effective treatment is often considered a combination of medication and psychotherapy. As mentioned above, psychotherapy  could be the treatment of choice in individuals under 18.

The most studied form of psychotherapy for inpatient depression is cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), I thought to do with teaching clients to learn a number of cognitive and behavioral skills that can be used independently. Previous research has suggested that cognitive-behavioral therapy was not effective as antidepressant treatment for depression, but recent studies show that you can do as well as antidepressants in treating patients with moderate to severe depression. Behavior treatment of depression is sometimes hereinafter referred to behavioral activation studies have demonstrated the activation of behavior is better than CBT. In addition, the behavioral activation appears to result in less time and more long-lasting change.

For the treatment of adolescent depression, CBT do not better than placebo, and significantly worse than the antidepressant drugs fluoxetine to CBT .Combining and provided no additional benefit, or at best, only marginal benefits. An analysis of four studies of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on conscience (MBCT), a new program based on classes to prevent relapse, suggest that MBCT may have an additive effect when equipped with usual caution in patients who had three or more depressive episodes, although precautions do not include antidepressant therapy or psychotherapy, and the improvement observed may reflect nonspecific effects or a placebo.

Interpersonal psychotherapy focuses on  social & interpersonal triggers that can cause depression. There is evidence that could be effective treatment for  major depression. This treatment takes a structured course with a number of weekly sessions (often 12) as in the case of CBT, but the emphasis is on relationships with others. Therapy could be used to help a individual develop or some improvement in interpersonal relations to give it to communicate more effectively and reduce stress.

Medication

Finding the most effective treatment drug, the dosage of drugs is often adapted to different combinations of antidepressants tested, or antidepressants changed. The response rate to the first agent administered may be as low as 50%. It can last from three to eight weeks after the start of medication before its therapeutic effects can be fully discovered. Patients are generally advised not to stop taking an antidepressant suddenly and to continue using it for at least four months to prevent the risk of relapse. People with chronic depression have to take medication for the rest of their lives.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as sertraline (Zoloft), escitalopram (Lexapro), fluoxetine (Prozac), paroxetine, citalopram and drugs are considered primary because of their relatively adverse soft and broad effect on symptoms of depression and anxiety. Those who fail to respond to the first SSRI was trying to switch to another switch, resulting in an improvement of nearly 50% of cases. Another option is to move to the atypical antidepressant bupropion (Wellbutrin) or to add bupropion to the existing treatment, this strategy may be more effective.It is not uncommon for SSRIs can cause or aggravate insomnia, mirtazapine , sedating antidepressant (Zispin, Remeron) can be used in these cases.Venlafaxine (Effexor) may be moderately more effective than SSRIs, but it is not recommended as first-line treatment due to the higher rate of side effects and its use is specifically discouraged in children and adolescents.

The antidepressant fluoxetine is the only recommended for children under the age of 18 years.

Tricyclic antidepressants have more side effects as compare to SSRIs and are usually reserved for the treatment of hospitalized patients, that tricyclic antidepressants amitriptyline, in particular, seems to be more effective. different class of antidepressants, MAO inhibitors have traditionally been plagued by questionable efficacy and life-threatening side effects. Are still used only rarely, although new agents in this class (RIMA), a much better side effect has been developed.

Electroconvulsive therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment in which seizures are electrically induced in anesthetized patients for more therapeutic effect. ECT is most often used as a last resort (in terms of the psychiatrists of the hospital) for severe major depression has not responded to trials of antidepressants or, less often, psychotherapy or supportive interventions. With antidepressant treatment and therefore faster than may be the treatment of choice in emergencies such as catatonic depression when the patient has ceased oral intake of fluids and nutrients, or when there is serious risk of suicide. Some evidence suggests that the most effective treatment for depression in the short-term study, no comparison group or evaluation of complementary therapies provided, suggested that the minority who do may be related quality of life self-assessment improved in the short term (which correlates with the degree of amnesia) and after six months.

But the first systematic documentation of the effectiveness of ECT in community practices in the 65 years the document has been delivered much lower than in previous research, and most of them on its own usually relapsed.ECT n has no advantage because almost all tasks eventually fall within 6 months of a course, even when administered placebo.The relapse within six months may be reduced by the use of drugs or psychatric ECT again (although the latter is not recommended by some authorities, such as Nice), but is still high.Short term memory loss, disorientation, headaches and other side effects are common, as well as memory long-term and other neurocognitive deficits may persist.

American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence concluded that the evidence , they have suggested that the procedures, and when administered according to the standards and without complications that does not cause brain damage in individuals .

Begin crying for no apparent reason ,it could be bipolar depression symptom

BIPOLAR DEPRESSION SYMPTOMS

The term bipolar , describe the changes between two poles of emotion. There are many other names for bipolar disorder like depression, bipolar affective disorder, bipolar personality disorder, bipolar disorder, bipolar disorder, manic depression and manic-depressive. Bipolar disorder can occur at any stage of life from childhood to adulthood and continues throughout life. Under these conditions, changes in the child's mood often than adults. Some people say it is the psychological problem that is totally false. For bipolar disorder, we can say that is the problem episode.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a type of disorder of mood. Bipolar disorder was called manic depression in last decades , and that term is still used by some indiiduals. It is a psychiatric illness that  can cause a major disruptions in lifestyle and  physical and mental health. Everyone has ups and downs of his humor at times. But people with bipolar disorder have extreme mood swings. They can range from a feeling of sadness, hopelessness (depression), impotent, useless, hopeless and feel like they're on the roof of the world, hyperactive, creative and grandiose (mania). This condition is called bipolar disorder because the mood of a person with bipolar disorder can alternate between two completely opposite poles, euphoric happiness and extreme sadness. Symptoms of mania and depression sometimes occur together in what is called the mixed state.

The extremes of mood usually  can occur in cycles. These changes of mood, people with  disorder of bipolar are able to function normally ,used and have a normal life with family. Episodes of mood swings tend to be narrower with age. When a person is under the grip of this disease, chaos may occur. Bipolar disorder can cause major disruption to family and finances, loss of employment, and marital problems. Severe depression can be deadly. May be associated with thoughts of suicide, actual suicide acts, and even acts of murder in some cases. extreme mania can lead to aggressive behavior, risk behavior potentially dangerous, and acts of murder. A number of people with bipolar disorder turn to drugs and alcohol to self-treatment their emotional disorder resulting from substance abuse and dependence.

Many people are beginning to show signs of bipolar disorder in late adolescence (average age is 21 years earlier). These characters can be distinguished as growing pains , or normal adolescent behavior. Sometimes, some people are the first symptoms during childhood, but the condition can often be delayed at this age and the abuse of severe behavioral problems. Bipolar disorder can not be properly diagnosed until the patient is 25-40 years, when the pattern of symptoms may become clearer. Bipolar disorder occurs in both males and females. About 5.7 million people in the United States is the disorder. There is no race, which has suffered from this disease. Given the extreme and risky behavior with bipolar disorder, it is very important that the disease can be identified. Appropriate and early diagnosis, this mental condition can be treated. Bipolar disorder is a chronic disease that requires proper care for human life.

One of the major etiologies of bipolar disorder is hereditary, ie if the parents have bipolar disorder are more chances that depression affects children. But its not just because there are too many factors that can be considered. Scientifically, there are two types of bipolar disorder, biological and psychological. Genes and other factors play an important role in the twins. If bipolar disorder is due to genes, so it is possible that an identical twin brother can achieve this effect in depression. Its more about the risk of bipolar disorder, as well as the brothers

Signs and symptoms of a depressive phase of bipolar disorder have feelings of persistent sadness, anxiety, guilt, anger, isolation and despair, disturbed sleep and appetite, fatigue and loss of interest in usually enjoyable activities, problems concentration, loneliness, self-loathing, apathy or indifference, depersonalization, loss of interest in sexual activity, shyness or social anxiety, irritability, chronic pain (with or without known cause), lack of motivation, and morbid thoughts of suicide. In severe cases, the individual may become psychotic, space is also known as severe bipolar depression with psychotic features.

People with treatment-resistant bipolar disorder, was to relieve the symptoms of depression in just 40 minutes after an intravenous dose of ketamine anesthesia drugs. Potential side effects of ketamine impair the use of standards, but similar compounds may have potential as a rapid and effective drugs for treating depression, including bipolar disorder, major depressive episode. Bipolar disorder is characterized by wide mood swings, energy and behavior. The episodes of depression alternating with periods of mania. Major depressive episodes usually more frequent and longer lasting. Bipolar disorder is off, the impact on academic performance and making it difficult to keep a job. And one of the psychiatric disorders with  greatest risk of suicide.

Bipolar disorder is often treated with mood-stabilizing drugs like lithium, valproate, carbamazepine or other medications. For depressive episodes, antidepressants are often used in mood stabilizer more than one. However, existing medications often take weeks to have an effect, and many patients do not respond adequately to them.